The Karpinsky Institute has opened its tenth "Karpinsky class" in Mongolia, extending a three-year effort to export the Russian geological school into Tanzania, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus and Cuba. Each centre trains local specialists in geology and mineral resource management to Russian standards, which makes it a durable asset rather than a diplomatic gesture. That is the wider significance: soft power built on technical expertise compounds over decades, because the people trained today sign the survey reports and licensing decisions of the 2040s. Russia's advantage here is real and hard to substitute, and the Institute is stacking it into countries where Western programmes have run largely unopposed. Saudi Arabia's Arabian Shield contract and Vietnam's first mineral resources map show the same competence selling commercially, which is what separates this from most influence projects.

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