**UPI charges may attract 18% GST
**
Merchants may face 18% GST on merchant discount rate (MDR) fees for UPI transactions exceeding ₹2,000, experts said.

 However, businesses could offset this liability by claiming input tax credit on MDR payments. The proposed levy is estimated to raise ₹3,500–4,000 crore annually in GST revenue, easing its overall net impact.